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#include <shell_elements.h>

Inheritance diagram for oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement:

Public Member Functions
	FSIDiagHermiteShellElement ()
	Constructor: Create shell element as FSIWallElement (and thus, by inheritance, a GeomObject) with two Lagrangian coordinates and 3 Eulerian coordinates. By default, we assume that the normal vector computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) points into the fluid. If this is not the case, call the access function FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid() More...

	~FSIDiagHermiteShellElement ()
	Destructor: empty. More...

void	set_normal_pointing_into_fluid ()
	Set the normal computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) to point into the fluid. More...

void	set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid ()
	Set the normal computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) to point out of the fluid. More...

void	dposition_dlagrangian_at_local_coordinate (const Vector< double > &s, DenseMatrix< double > &drdxi) const
	Derivative of position vector w.r.t. the SolidFiniteElement's Lagrangian coordinates; evaluated at current time. More...

double	fluid_load_rate_of_work ()
	Get integral of instantaneous rate of work done on the wall due to the fluid load returned by the function fluid_load_vector(...). More...

void	load_vector (const unsigned &intpt, const Vector< double > &xi, const Vector< double > &x, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)
	Get the load vector: Pass number of the integration point, Lagr. coordinate, Eulerian coordinate and normal vector and return the load vector. (Not all of the input arguments will be required for all specific load functions but the list should cover all cases). We first evaluate the load function defined via KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::load_vector_fct_pt() – this represents the non-FSI load on the shell, e.g. an external pressure load. Then we add to this the FSI load due to the traction exerted by the adjacent FSIFluidElements, taking the sign of the normal into account. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Get the Jacobian and residuals. Wrapper to generic FSI version; that catches the case when we replace the Jacobian by the mass matrix (for the consistent assignment of initial conditions). More...

unsigned	ndof_types () const
	The number of "DOF types" that degrees of freedom in this element are sub-divided into: Just the solid degrees of freedom themselves. More...

void	get_dof_numbers_for_unknowns (std::list< std::pair< unsigned long, unsigned >> &dof_lookup_list) const
	Create a list of pairs for all unknowns in this element, so that the first entry in each pair contains the global equation number of the unknown, while the second one contains the number of the "DOF types" that this unknown is associated with. (Function can obviously only be called if the equation numbering scheme has been set up.) More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::DiagHermiteShellElement
	DiagHermiteShellElement ()
	Constructor, there are no internal data points. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::HermiteShellElement
	HermiteShellElement ()
	Constructor, there are no internal data points. More...

void	output_with_time_dep_quantities (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	Output position veloc and accel. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile)
	Overload the output function. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	Output function. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt)
	Overload the output function. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	Output function. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::SolidQHermiteElement< 2 >
	SolidQHermiteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

	SolidQHermiteElement (const SolidQHermiteElement &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const SolidQHermiteElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile)
	Overload the output function. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	Output at n_plot points. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt)
	C-style output. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	C_style output at n_plot points. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The output function for n_plot points in each coordinate direction for the 1D element. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The C-style output function for n_plot points in each coordinate direction for the 1D element. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_p)
	The output function for any number of points per element. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The C-style output function for any number of points per element. More...

void	build_face_element (const int &face_index, FaceElement *face_element_pt)
	Build the lower-dimensional FaceElement of the type SolidQHermiteElement<DIM-1>. The face index takes a value that correponds to the possible faces: More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::QHermiteElement< DIM >
	QHermiteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

	QHermiteElement (const QHermiteElement &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const QHermiteElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

bool	local_coord_is_valid (const Vector< double > &s)
	Check whether the local coordinate are valid or not. More...

void	move_local_coord_back_into_element (Vector< double > &s) const
	Adjust local coordinates so that they're located inside the element. More...

void	shape (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi) const
	Function to calculate the geometric shape functions at local coordinate s. More...

void	dshape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids) const
	Function to compute the geometric shape functions and derivatives w.r.t. local coordinates at local coordinate s. More...

void	d2shape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids, DShape &d2psids) const
	Function to compute the geometric shape functions and also first and second derivatives wrt local coordinates at local coordinate s. Numbering: 1D: d2psids(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d s^2$ 2D: d2psids(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0^2$ d2psids(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1^2$ d2psids(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_1$ 3D: d2psids(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0^2$ d2psids(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1^2$ d2psids(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_2^2$ d2psids(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_1$ d2psids(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_2$ d2psids(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1 \partial s_2$ . More...

double	s_min () const
	Min. value of local coordinate. More...

double	s_max () const
	Max. value of local coordinate. More...

void	local_coordinate_of_node (const unsigned &j, Vector< double > &s) const
	Get local coordinates of node j in the element; vector sets its own size. More...

void	local_fraction_of_node (const unsigned &j, Vector< double > &s_fraction)
	Get local fraction of node j in the element; vector sets its own size. More...

double	local_one_d_fraction_of_node (const unsigned &n1d, const unsigned &i)
	Get the local fraction of any node in the n-th position in a one dimensional expansion along the i-th local coordinate. More...

unsigned	nnode_1d () const
	Return number of nodes along each element edge. More...

void	get_s_plot (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot, Vector< double > &s, const bool &use_equally_spaced_interior_sample_points=false) const
	Get cector of local coordinates of plot point i (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction). More...

std::string	tecplot_zone_string (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return string for tecplot zone header (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction) More...

unsigned	nplot_points (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return total number of plot points (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction) More...

void	shape (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi) const
	Shape function for specific QHermiteElement<1> More...

void	dshape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids) const
	Derivatives of shape functions for specific QHermiteElement<1> More...

void	d2shape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids, DShape &d2psids) const
	Derivatives and second derivatives of shape functions for specific QHermiteElement<1> d2psids(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d s^2$ . More...

void	shape (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi) const
	Shape function for specific QHermiteElement<2> More...

void	dshape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids) const
	Derivatives of shape functions for specific QHermiteElement<2> More...

void	d2shape_local (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids, DShape &d2psids) const
	Second derivatives of the shape functions wrt local coordinates. d2psids(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0^2$ d2psids(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1^2$ d2psids(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_1$ . More...

void	get_s_plot (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot, Vector< double > &s, const bool &use_equally_spaced_interior_sample_points) const
	Get cector of local coordinates of plot point i (when plotting nplot points in each coordinate direction). More...

std::string	tecplot_zone_string (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return string for tecplot zone header (when plotting nplot points in each coordinate direction) More...

unsigned	nplot_points (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return total number of plot points (when plotting nplot points in each coordinate direction) More...

void	get_s_plot (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot, Vector< double > &s, const bool &use_equally_spaced_interior_sample_points) const
	Get cector of local coordinates of plot point i (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction). More...

std::string	tecplot_zone_string (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return string for tecplot zone header (when plotting nplot points in each coordinate direction) More...

unsigned	nplot_points (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return total number of plot points (when plotting nplot points in each coordinate direction) More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::QHermiteElementBase
	QHermiteElementBase ()
	Empty default constructor. More...

	QHermiteElementBase (const QHermiteElementBase &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const QHermiteElementBase &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::QElementGeometricBase
	QElementGeometricBase ()
	Empty default constructor. More...

	QElementGeometricBase (const QElementGeometricBase &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
void	set_dimension (const unsigned &dim)
	Set the dimension of the element and initially set the dimension of the nodes to be the same as the dimension of the element. More...

void	set_nodal_dimension (const unsigned &nodal_dim)
	Set the dimension of the nodes in the element. This will typically only be required when constructing FaceElements or in beam and shell type elements where a lower dimensional surface is embedded in a higher dimensional space. More...

void	set_nnodal_position_type (const unsigned &nposition_type)
	Set the number of types required to interpolate the coordinate. More...

void	set_n_node (const unsigned &n)
	Set the number of nodes in the element to n, by resizing the storage for pointers to the Node objects. More...

int	nodal_local_eqn (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the local equation number corresponding to the i-th value at the n-th local node. More...

double	dJ_eulerian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	Compute the geometric shape functions (psi) at integration point ipt. Return the determinant of the jacobian of the mapping (detJ). Additionally calculate the derivatives of "detJ" w.r.t. the nodal coordinates. More...

	FiniteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

virtual	~FiniteElement ()
	The destructor cleans up the static memory allocated for shape function storage. Internal and external data get wiped by the GeneralisedElement destructor; nodes get killed in mesh destructor. More...

	FiniteElement (const FiniteElement &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	get_centre_of_gravity_and_max_radius_in_terms_of_zeta (Vector< double > &cog, double &max_radius) const
	Compute centre of gravity of all nodes and radius of node that is furthest from it. Used to assess approximately if a point is likely to be contained with an element in locate_zeta-like operations. More...

MacroElement *	macro_elem_pt ()
	Access function to pointer to macro element. More...

void	get_x (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x) const
	Global coordinates as function of local coordinates. Either via FE representation or via macro-element (if Macro_elem_pt!=0) More...

void	get_x (const unsigned &t, const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x)
	Global coordinates as function of local coordinates at previous time "level" t (t=0: present; t>0: previous). Either via FE representation of QElement or via macro-element (if Macro_elem_pt!=0). More...

virtual void	get_x_from_macro_element (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x) const
	Global coordinates as function of local coordinates using macro element representation. (Broken virtual — this must be overloaded in specific geometric element classes) More...

virtual void	get_x_from_macro_element (const unsigned &t, const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x)
	Global coordinates as function of local coordinates at previous time "level" t (t=0: present; t>0: previous). using macro element representation (Broken virtual – overload in specific geometric element class if you want to use this functionality.) More...

virtual void	set_integration_scheme (Integral *const &integral_pt)
	Set the spatial integration scheme. More...

Integral *const &	integral_pt () const
	Return the pointer to the integration scheme (const version) More...

virtual void	shape_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi) const
	Return the geometric shape function at the ipt-th integration point. More...

virtual void	dshape_local_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids) const
	Return the geometric shape function and its derivative w.r.t. the local coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. More...

virtual void	d2shape_local_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsids, DShape &d2psids) const
	Return the geometric shape function and its first and second derivatives w.r.t. the local coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. Numbering: 1D: d2psids(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / ds^2$ 2D: d2psids(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0^2$ d2psids(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1^2$ d2psids(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_1$ 3D: d2psids(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0^2$ d2psids(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1^2$ d2psids(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_2^2$ d2psids(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_1$ d2psids(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_0 \partial s_2$ d2psids(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial s_1 \partial s_2$ . More...

virtual double	J_eulerian (const Vector< double > &s) const
	Return the Jacobian of mapping from local to global coordinates at local position s. More...

virtual double	J_eulerian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt) const
	Return the Jacobian of the mapping from local to global coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. More...

void	check_J_eulerian_at_knots (bool &passed) const
	Check that Jacobian of mapping between local and Eulerian coordinates at all integration points is positive. More...

void	check_jacobian (const double &jacobian) const
	Helper function used to check for singular or negative Jacobians in the transform from local to global or Lagrangian coordinates. More...

double	dshape_eulerian (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidx) const
	Compute the geometric shape functions and also first derivatives w.r.t. global coordinates at local coordinate s; Returns Jacobian of mapping from global to local coordinates. More...

virtual double	dshape_eulerian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidx) const
	Return the geometric shape functions and also first derivatives w.r.t. global coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. More...

virtual double	dshape_eulerian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsi, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	Compute the geometric shape functions (psi) and first derivatives w.r.t. global coordinates (dpsidx) at the ipt-th integration point. Return the determinant of the jacobian of the mapping (detJ). Additionally calculate the derivatives of both "detJ" and "dpsidx" w.r.t. the nodal coordinates. More...

double	d2shape_eulerian (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidx, DShape &d2psidx) const
	Compute the geometric shape functions and also first and second derivatives w.r.t. global coordinates at local coordinate s; Returns Jacobian of mapping from global to local coordinates. Numbering: 1D: d2psidx(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d x^2$ 2D: d2psidx(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0^2$ d2psidx(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1^2$ d2psidx(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_1$ 3D: d2psidx(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0^2$ d2psidx(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1^2$ d2psidx(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_2^2$ d2psidx(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_1$ d2psidx(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_2$ d2psidx(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1 \partial x_2$ . More...

virtual double	d2shape_eulerian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidx, DShape &d2psidx) const
	Return the geometric shape functions and also first and second derivatives w.r.t. global coordinates at ipt-th integration point. Numbering: 1D: d2psidx(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d s^2$ 2D: d2psidx(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0^2$ d2psidx(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1^2$ d2psidx(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_1$ 3D: d2psidx(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0^2$ d2psidx(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1^2$ d2psidx(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_2^2$ d2psidx(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_1$ d2psidx(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_0 \partial x_2$ d2psidx(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial x_1 \partial x_2$ . More...

virtual void	assign_nodal_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof_pt)
	Assign the local equation numbers for Data stored at the nodes Virtual so that it can be overloaded by RefineableFiniteElements. If the boolean is true then the pointers to the degrees of freedom associated with each equation number are stored in Dof_pt. More...

virtual void	describe_nodal_local_dofs (std::ostream &out, const std::string &current_string) const
	Function to describe the local dofs of the element[s]. The ostream specifies the output stream to which the description is written; the string stores the currently assembled output that is ultimately written to the output stream by Data::describe_dofs(...); it is typically built up incrementally as we descend through the call hierarchy of this function when called from Problem::describe_dofs(...) More...

Node *&	node_pt (const unsigned &n)
	Return a pointer to the local node n. More...

Node *const &	node_pt (const unsigned &n) const
	Return a pointer to the local node n (const version) More...

unsigned	nnode () const
	Return the number of nodes. More...

double	raw_nodal_position (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th coordinate at local node n. Do not use the hanging node representation. NOTE: Moved to cc file because of a possible compiler bug in gcc (yes, really!). The move to the cc file avoids inlining which appears to cause problems (only) when compiled with gcc and -O3; offensive "illegal read" is in optimised-out section of code and data that is allegedly illegal is readily readable (by other means) just before this function is called so I can't really see how we could possibly be responsible for this... More...

double	raw_nodal_position (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th coordinate at local node n, at time level t (t=0: present; t>0: previous time level). Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_dnodal_position_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th component of nodal velocity: dx/dt at local node n. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_dnodal_position_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &j, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th component of j-th derivative of nodal position: d^jx/dt^j at node n. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_nodal_position_gen (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the value of the k-th type of the i-th positional variable at the local node n. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_nodal_position_gen (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the generalised nodal position (type k, i-th variable) at previous timesteps at local node n. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_dnodal_position_gen_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	i-th component of time derivative (velocity) of the generalised position, dx(k,i)/dt at local node n. ‘Type’: k; Coordinate direction: i. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	raw_dnodal_position_gen_dt (const unsigned &j, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	i-th component of j-th time derivative of the generalised position, dx(k,i)/dt at local node n. ‘Type’: k; Coordinate direction: i. Do not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	nodal_position (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th coordinate at local node n. If the node is hanging, the appropriate interpolation is handled by the position function in the Node class. More...

double	nodal_position (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th coordinate at local node n, at time level t (t=0: present; t>0: previous time level) Returns suitably interpolated version for hanging nodes. More...

double	dnodal_position_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th component of nodal velocity: dx/dt at local node n. More...

double	dnodal_position_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &j, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th component of j-th derivative of nodal position: d^jx/dt^j at node n. More...

double	nodal_position_gen (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the value of the k-th type of the i-th positional variable at the local node n. More...

double	nodal_position_gen (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the generalised nodal position (type k, i-th variable) at previous timesteps at local node n. More...

double	dnodal_position_gen_dt (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	i-th component of time derivative (velocity) of the generalised position, dx(k,i)/dt at local node n. ‘Type’: k; Coordinate direction: i. More...

double	dnodal_position_gen_dt (const unsigned &j, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	i-th component of j-th time derivative of the generalised position, dx(k,i)/dt at local node n. ‘Type’: k; Coordinate direction: i. More...

virtual void	get_dresidual_dnodal_coordinates (RankThreeTensor< double > &dresidual_dnodal_coordinates)
	Compute derivatives of elemental residual vector with respect to nodal coordinates. Default implementation by FD can be overwritten for specific elements. dresidual_dnodal_coordinates(l,i,j) = d res(l) / dX_{ij}. More...

virtual void	disable_ALE ()
	This is an empty function that establishes a uniform interface for all (derived) elements that involve time-derivatives. Such elements are/should be implemented in ALE form to allow mesh motions. The additional expense associated with the computation of the mesh velocities is, of course, superfluous if the elements are used in problems in which the mesh is stationary. This function should therefore be overloaded in all derived elements that are formulated in ALE form to suppress the computation of the mesh velocities. The user disables the ALE functionality at his/her own risk! If the mesh does move after all, then the results will be wrong. Here we simply issue a warning message stating that the empty function has been called. More...

virtual void	enable_ALE ()
	(Re-)enable ALE, i.e. take possible mesh motion into account when evaluating the time-derivative. This function is empty and simply establishes a common interface for all derived elements that are formulated in ALE form. More...

virtual unsigned	required_nvalue (const unsigned &n) const
	Number of values that must be stored at local node n by the element. The default is 0, until over-ridden by a particular element. For example, a Poisson equation requires only one value to be stored at each node; 2D Navier–Stokes equations require two values (velocity components) to be stored at each Node (provided that the pressure interpolation is discontinuous). More...

unsigned	nnodal_position_type () const
	Return the number of coordinate types that the element requires to interpolate the geometry between the nodes. For Lagrange elements it is 1. More...

bool	has_hanging_nodes () const
	Return boolean to indicate if any of the element's nodes are geometrically hanging. More...

unsigned	nodal_dimension () const
	Return the required Eulerian dimension of the nodes in this element. More...

virtual unsigned	nvertex_node () const
	Return the number of vertex nodes in this element. Broken virtual function in "pure" finite elements. More...

virtual Node *	vertex_node_pt (const unsigned &j) const
	Pointer to the j-th vertex node in the element. Broken virtual function in "pure" finite elements. More...

int	get_node_number (Node *const &node_pt) const
	Return the number of the node *node_pt if this node is in the element, else return -1;. More...

virtual Node *	get_node_at_local_coordinate (const Vector< double > &s) const
	If there is a node at this local coordinate, return the pointer to the node. More...

double	raw_nodal_value (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th value stored at local node n but do NOT take hanging nodes into account. More...

double	raw_nodal_value (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th value stored at local node n, at time level t (t=0: present; t>0 previous timesteps), but do NOT take hanging nodes into account. More...

double	nodal_value (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th value stored at local node n. Produces suitably interpolated values for hanging nodes. More...

double	nodal_value (const unsigned &t, const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return the i-th value stored at local node n, at time level t (t=0: present; t>0 previous timesteps). Produces suitably interpolated values for hanging nodes. More...

unsigned	dim () const
	Return the spatial dimension of the element, i.e. the number of local coordinates required to parametrise its geometry. More...

virtual ElementGeometry::ElementGeometry	element_geometry () const
	Return the geometry type of the element (either Q or T usually). More...

virtual double	interpolated_x (const Vector< double > &s, const unsigned &i) const
	Return FE interpolated coordinate x[i] at local coordinate s. More...

virtual double	interpolated_x (const unsigned &t, const Vector< double > &s, const unsigned &i) const
	Return FE interpolated coordinate x[i] at local coordinate s at previous timestep t (t=0: present; t>0: previous timestep) More...

virtual void	interpolated_x (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x) const
	Return FE interpolated position x[] at local coordinate s as Vector. More...

virtual void	interpolated_x (const unsigned &t, const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x) const
	Return FE interpolated position x[] at local coordinate s at previous timestep t as Vector (t=0: present; t>0: previous timestep) More...

virtual double	interpolated_dxdt (const Vector< double > &s, const unsigned &i, const unsigned &t)
	Return t-th time-derivative of the i-th FE-interpolated Eulerian coordinate at local coordinate s. More...

virtual void	interpolated_dxdt (const Vector< double > &s, const unsigned &t, Vector< double > &dxdt)
	Compte t-th time-derivative of the FE-interpolated Eulerian coordinate vector at local coordinate s. More...

void	position (const Vector< double > &zeta, Vector< double > &r) const
	Return the parametrised position of the FiniteElement in its incarnation as a GeomObject, r(zeta). The position is given by the Eulerian coordinate and the intrinsic coordinate (zeta) is the local coordinate of the element (s). More...

void	position (const unsigned &t, const Vector< double > &zeta, Vector< double > &r) const
	Return the parametrised position of the FiniteElement in its GeomObject incarnation: r(zeta). The position is given by the Eulerian coordinate and the intrinsic coordinate (zeta) is the local coordinate of the element (s) This version of the function returns the position as a function of time t=0: current time; t>0: previous timestep. Works for t=0 but needs to be overloaded if genuine time-dependence is required. More...

void	dposition_dt (const Vector< double > &zeta, const unsigned &t, Vector< double > &drdt)
	Return the t-th time derivative of the parametrised position of the FiniteElement in its GeomObject incarnation: $\frac{d^{t} dr(zeta)}{d t^{t}}$ . Call the t-th time derivative of the FE-interpolated Eulerian coordinate. More...

void	interpolated_zeta (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &zeta) const
	Calculate the interpolated value of zeta, the intrinsic coordinate of the element when viewed as a compound geometric object within a Mesh as a function of the local coordinate of the element, s. The default assumption is the zeta is interpolated using the shape functions of the element with the values given by zeta_nodal(). A MacroElement representation of the intrinsic coordinate parametrised by the local coordinate s is used if available. Choosing the MacroElement representation of zeta (Eulerian x by default) allows a correspondence to be established between elements on different Meshes covering the same curvilinear domain in cases where one element is much coarser than the other. More...

void	locate_zeta (const Vector< double > &zeta, GeomObject *&geom_object_pt, Vector< double > &s, const bool &use_coordinate_as_initial_guess=false)
	For a given value of zeta, the "global" intrinsic coordinate of a mesh of FiniteElements represented as a compound geometric object, find the local coordinate in this element that corresponds to the requested value of zeta. If zeta cannot be located in this element, geom_object_pt is set to NULL. If zeta is located in this element, we return its "this" pointer. By default don't use any value passed in to the local coordinate s as the initial guess in the Newton method. More...

virtual void	node_update ()
	Update the positions of all nodes in the element using each node update function. The default implementation may be overloaded so that more efficient versions can be written. More...

virtual void	identify_field_data_for_interactions (std::set< std::pair< Data *, unsigned >> &paired_field_data)
	The purpose of this function is to identify all possible Data that can affect the fields interpolated by the FiniteElement. The information will typically be used in interaction problems in which the FiniteElement provides a forcing term for an ElementWithExternalElement. The Data must be provided as `paired_load` data containing. More...

double	size () const
	Calculate the size of the element (length, area, volume,...) in Eulerian computational coordinates. Use suitably overloaded compute_physical_size() function to compute the actual size (taking into account factors such as 2pi or radii the integrand) – such function can only be implemented on an equation-by-equation basis. More...

virtual double	compute_physical_size () const
	Broken virtual function to compute the actual size (taking into account factors such as 2pi or radii the integrand) – such function can only be implemented on an equation-by-equation basis. More...

virtual void	point_output_data (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &data)
	Virtual function to write the double precision numbers that appear in a single line of output into the data vector. Empty virtual, can be overloaded for specific elements; used e.g. by LineVisualiser. More...

void	point_output (std::ostream &outfile, const Vector< double > &s)
	Output solution (as defined by point_output_data()) at local cordinates s. More...

virtual unsigned	nplot_points_paraview (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return the number of actual plot points for paraview plot with parameter nplot. Broken virtual; can be overloaded in specific elements. More...

virtual unsigned	nsub_elements_paraview (const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return the number of local sub-elements for paraview plot with parameter nplot. Broken virtual; can be overloaded in specific elements. More...

void	output_paraview (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &nplot) const
	Paraview output – this outputs the coordinates at the plot points (for parameter nplot) to specified output file. More...

virtual void	write_paraview_output_offset_information (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &nplot, unsigned &counter) const
	Fill in the offset information for paraview plot. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new geometric element type; see http://www.vtk.org/VTK/img/file-formats.pdf. More...

virtual void	write_paraview_type (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &nplot) const
	Return the paraview element type. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new geometric element type; see http://www.vtk.org/VTK/img/file-formats.pdf. More...

virtual void	write_paraview_offsets (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &nplot, unsigned &offset_sum) const
	Return the offsets for the paraview sub-elements. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new geometric element type; see http://www.vtk.org/VTK/img/file-formats.pdf. More...

virtual unsigned	nscalar_paraview () const
	Number of scalars/fields output by this element. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new specific element type. More...

virtual void	scalar_value_paraview (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot) const
	Write values of the i-th scalar field at the plot points. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new specific element type. More...

virtual void	scalar_value_fct_paraview (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot, FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt) const
	Write values of the i-th scalar field at the plot points. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new specific element type. More...

virtual void	scalar_value_fct_paraview (std::ofstream &file_out, const unsigned &i, const unsigned &nplot, const double &time, FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt) const
	Write values of the i-th scalar field at the plot points. Broken virtual. Needs to be implemented for each new specific element type. More...

virtual std::string	scalar_name_paraview (const unsigned &i) const
	Name of the i-th scalar field. Default implementation returns V1 for the first one, V2 for the second etc. Can (should!) be overloaded with more meaningful names in specific elements. More...

virtual void	output (const unsigned &t, std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot) const
	Output the element data at time step t. This is const because it is newly added and so can be done easily. Really all the output(...) functions should be const! More...

virtual void	output_fct (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot, FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt)
	Output an exact solution over the element. More...

virtual void	output_fct (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot, const double &time, FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt)
	Output a time-dependent exact solution over the element. More...

virtual void	output_fct (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot, const double &time, const SolutionFunctorBase &exact_soln) const
	Output a time-dependent exact solution over the element. More...

virtual void	write_tecplot_zone_footer (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &nplot) const
	Add tecplot zone "footer" to output stream (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction"). Empty by default – can be used, e.g., to add FE connectivity lists to elements that need it. More...

virtual void	write_tecplot_zone_footer (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &nplot) const
	Add tecplot zone "footer" to C-style output. (when plotting nplot points in each "coordinate direction"). Empty by default – can be used, e.g., to add FE connectivity lists to elements that need it. More...

virtual void	compute_error (FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, double &error, double &norm)
	Calculate the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. More...

virtual void	compute_error (FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, const double &time, double &error, double &norm)
	Calculate the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. More...

virtual void	compute_error (FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, Vector< double > &error, Vector< double > &norm)
	Given the exact solution ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ this function calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. Version with vectors of norms and errors so that different variables' norms and errors can be returned individually. More...

virtual void	compute_error (FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, const double &time, Vector< double > &error, Vector< double > &norm)
	Given the exact solution ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ this function calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. Version with vectors of norms and errors so that different variables' norms and errors can be returned individually. More...

virtual void	compute_error (std::ostream &outfile, FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, double &error, double &norm)
	Plot the error when compared against a given exact solution ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ . Also calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. More...

virtual void	compute_error (std::ostream &outfile, FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, const double &time, double &error, double &norm)
	Plot the error when compared against a given time-dependent exact solution ${\bf f}(t,{\bf x})$ . Also calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. More...

virtual void	compute_error (std::ostream &outfile, FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, Vector< double > &error, Vector< double > &norm)
	Plot the error when compared against a given exact solution ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ . Also calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. The version with vectors of norms and errors so that different variables' norms and errors can be returned individually. More...

virtual void	compute_error (std::ostream &outfile, FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, const double &time, Vector< double > &error, Vector< double > &norm)
	Plot the error when compared against a given time-dependent exact solution ${\bf f}(t,{\bf x})$ . Also calculates the norm of the error and that of the exact solution. The version with vectors of norms and errors so that different variables' norms and errors can be returned individually. More...

virtual void	compute_abs_error (std::ostream &outfile, FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt exact_soln_pt, double &error)
	Plot the error when compared against a given exact solution ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ . Also calculates the maximum absolute error. More...

void	integrate_fct (FiniteElement::SteadyExactSolutionFctPt integrand_fct_pt, Vector< double > &integral)
	Evaluate integral of a Vector-valued function ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ over the element. More...

void	integrate_fct (FiniteElement::UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt integrand_fct_pt, const double &time, Vector< double > &integral)
	Evaluate integral of a Vector-valued, time-dependent function ${\bf f}(t,{\bf x})$ over the element. More...

virtual unsigned	self_test ()
	Self-test: Check inversion of element & do self-test for GeneralisedElement. Return 0 if OK. More...

virtual unsigned	get_bulk_node_number (const int &face_index, const unsigned &i) const
	Get the number of the ith node on face face_index (in the bulk node vector). More...

virtual int	face_outer_unit_normal_sign (const int &face_index) const
	Get the sign of the outer unit normal on the face given by face_index. More...

virtual unsigned	nnode_on_face () const

void	face_node_number_error_check (const unsigned &i) const
	Range check for face node numbers. More...

virtual CoordinateMappingFctPt	face_to_bulk_coordinate_fct_pt (const int &face_index) const
	Get a pointer to the function mapping face coordinates to bulk coordinates. More...

virtual BulkCoordinateDerivativesFctPt	bulk_coordinate_derivatives_fct_pt (const int &face_index) const
	Get a pointer to the derivative of the mapping from face to bulk coordinates. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::GeneralisedElement
GeneralisedElement()	GeneralisedElement (const GeneralisedElement &)=delete
	Constructor: Initialise all pointers and all values to zero. More...

void	operator= (const GeneralisedElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

Data *&	internal_data_pt (const unsigned &i)
	Return a pointer to i-th internal data object. More...

Data *const &	internal_data_pt (const unsigned &i) const
	Return a pointer to i-th internal data object (const version) More...

Data *&	external_data_pt (const unsigned &i)
	Return a pointer to i-th external data object. More...

Data *const &	external_data_pt (const unsigned &i) const
	Return a pointer to i-th external data object (const version) More...

unsigned long	eqn_number (const unsigned &ieqn_local) const
	Return the global equation number corresponding to the ieqn_local-th local equation number. More...

int	local_eqn_number (const unsigned long &ieqn_global) const
	Return the local equation number corresponding to the ieqn_global-th global equation number. Returns minus one (-1) if there is no local degree of freedom corresponding to the chosen global equation number. More...

unsigned	add_external_data (Data *const &data_pt, const bool &fd=true)
	Add a (pointer to an) external data object to the element and return its index (i.e. the index required to obtain it from the access function `external_data_pt(...)`. The optional boolean flag indicates whether the data should be included in the general finite-difference loop when calculating the jacobian. The default value is true, i.e. the data will be included in the finite-differencing. More...

bool	external_data_fd (const unsigned &i) const
	Return the status of the boolean flag indicating whether the external data is included in the finite difference loop. More...

void	exclude_external_data_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Set the boolean flag to exclude the external datum from the the finite difference loop when computing the jacobian matrix. More...

void	include_external_data_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Set the boolean flag to include the external datum in the the finite difference loop when computing the jacobian matrix. More...

void	flush_external_data ()
	Flush all external data. More...

void	flush_external_data (Data *const &data_pt)
	Flush the object addressed by data_pt from the external data array. More...

unsigned	ninternal_data () const
	Return the number of internal data objects. More...

unsigned	nexternal_data () const
	Return the number of external data objects. More...

unsigned	ndof () const
	Return the number of equations/dofs in the element. More...

void	dof_vector (const unsigned &t, Vector< double > &dof)
	Return the vector of dof values at time level t. More...

void	dof_pt_vector (Vector< double * > &dof_pt)
	Return the vector of pointers to dof values. More...

void	set_internal_data_time_stepper (const unsigned &i, TimeStepper *const &time_stepper_pt, const bool &preserve_existing_data)
	Set the timestepper associated with the i-th internal data object. More...

void	assign_internal_eqn_numbers (unsigned long &global_number, Vector< double * > &Dof_pt)
	Assign the global equation numbers to the internal Data. The arguments are the current highest global equation number (which will be incremented) and a Vector of pointers to the global variables (to which any unpinned values in the internal Data are added). More...

void	describe_dofs (std::ostream &out, const std::string &current_string) const
	Function to describe the dofs of the element. The ostream specifies the output stream to which the description is written; the string stores the currently assembled output that is ultimately written to the output stream by Data::describe_dofs(...); it is typically built up incrementally as we descend through the call hierarchy of this function when called from Problem::describe_dofs(...) More...

void	add_internal_value_pt_to_map (std::map< unsigned, double * > &map_of_value_pt)
	Add pointers to the internal data values to map indexed by the global equation number. More...

void	add_internal_data_values_to_vector (Vector< double > &vector_of_values)
	Add all internal data and time history values to the vector in the internal storage order. More...

void	read_internal_data_values_from_vector (const Vector< double > &vector_of_values, unsigned &index)
	Read all internal data and time history values from the vector starting from index. On return the index will be set to the value at the end of the data that has been read in. More...

void	add_internal_eqn_numbers_to_vector (Vector< long > &vector_of_eqn_numbers)
	Add all equation numbers associated with internal data to the vector in the internal storage order. More...

void	read_internal_eqn_numbers_from_vector (const Vector< long > &vector_of_eqn_numbers, unsigned &index)
	Read all equation numbers associated with internal data from the vector starting from index. On return the index will be set to the value at the end of the data that has been read in. More...

virtual void	assign_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof_pt)
	Setup the arrays of local equation numbers for the element. If the optional boolean argument is true, then pointers to the associated degrees of freedom are stored locally in the array Dof_pt. More...

virtual void	complete_setup_of_dependencies ()
	Complete the setup of any additional dependencies that the element may have. Empty virtual function that may be overloaded for specific derived elements. Used, e.g., for elements with algebraic node update functions to determine the "geometric Data", i.e. the Data that affects the element's shape. This function is called (for all elements) at the very beginning of the equation numbering procedure to ensure that all dependencies are accounted for. More...

virtual void	get_residuals (Vector< double > &residuals)
	Calculate the vector of residuals of the equations in the element. By default initialise the vector to zero and then call the fill_in_contribution_to_residuals() function. Note that this entire function can be overloaded if desired. More...

virtual void	get_jacobian (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the elemental Jacobian matrix "d equation / d variable". More...

virtual void	get_mass_matrix (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &mass_matrix)
	Calculate the residuals and the elemental "mass" matrix, the matrix that multiplies the time derivative terms in a problem. More...

virtual void	get_jacobian_and_mass_matrix (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &mass_matrix)
	Calculate the residuals and jacobian and elemental "mass" matrix, the matrix that multiplies the time derivative terms. More...

virtual void	get_dresiduals_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam)
	Calculate the derivatives of the residuals with respect to a parameter. More...

virtual void	get_djacobian_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &djac_dparam)
	Calculate the derivatives of the elemental Jacobian matrix and residuals with respect to a parameter. More...

virtual void	get_djacobian_and_dmass_matrix_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &djac_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &dmass_matrix_dparam)
	Calculate the derivatives of the elemental Jacobian matrix mass matrix and residuals with respect to a parameter. More...

virtual void	get_hessian_vector_products (Vector< double > const &Y, DenseMatrix< double > const &C, DenseMatrix< double > &product)
	Calculate the product of the Hessian (derivative of Jacobian with respect to all variables) an eigenvector, Y, and other specified vectors, C (d(J_{ij})/d u_{k}) Y_{j} C_{k}. More...

virtual void	get_inner_products (Vector< std::pair< unsigned, unsigned >> const &history_index, Vector< double > &inner_product)
	Return the vector of inner product of the given pairs of history values. More...

virtual void	get_inner_product_vectors (Vector< unsigned > const &history_index, Vector< Vector< double >> &inner_product_vector)
	Compute the vectors that when taken as a dot product with other history values give the inner product over the element. More...

virtual void	compute_norm (Vector< double > &norm)
	Compute norm of solution – broken virtual can be overloaded by element writer to implement whatever norm is desired for the specific element. More...

void	set_halo (const unsigned &non_halo_proc_ID)
	Label the element as halo and specify processor that holds non-halo counterpart. More...

void	set_nonhalo ()
	Label the element as not being a halo. More...

bool	is_halo () const
	Is this element a halo? More...

int	non_halo_proc_ID ()
	ID of processor ID that holds non-halo counterpart of halo element; negative if not a halo. More...

void	set_must_be_kept_as_halo ()
	Insist that this element be kept as a halo element during a distribute? More...

void	unset_must_be_kept_as_halo ()
	Do not insist that this element be kept as a halo element during distribution. More...

bool	must_be_kept_as_halo () const
	Test whether the element must be kept as a halo element. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::GeomObject
	GeomObject ()
	Default constructor. More...

	GeomObject (const unsigned &ndim)
	Constructor: Pass dimension of geometric object (# of Eulerian coords = # of Lagrangian coords; no time history available/needed) More...

	GeomObject (const unsigned &nlagrangian, const unsigned &ndim)
	Constructor: pass # of Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates. No time history available/needed. More...

	GeomObject (const unsigned &nlagrangian, const unsigned &ndim, TimeStepper *time_stepper_pt)
	Constructor: pass # of Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates and pointer to time-stepper which is used to handle the position at previous timesteps and allows the evaluation of veloc/acceleration etc. in cases where the GeomData varies with time. More...

	GeomObject (const GeomObject &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const GeomObject &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

virtual	~GeomObject ()
	(Empty) destructor More...

unsigned	nlagrangian () const
	Access function to # of Lagrangian coordinates. More...

unsigned	ndim () const
	Access function to # of Eulerian coordinates. More...

void	set_nlagrangian_and_ndim (const unsigned &n_lagrangian, const unsigned &n_dim)
	Set # of Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates. More...

TimeStepper *&	time_stepper_pt ()
	Access function for pointer to time stepper: Null if object is not time-dependent. More...

TimeStepper *	time_stepper_pt () const
	Access function for pointer to time stepper: Null if object is not time-dependent. Const version. More...

virtual void	position (const double &t, const Vector< double > &zeta, Vector< double > &r) const
	Parametrised position on object: r(zeta). Evaluated at the continuous time value, t. More...

virtual void	dposition (const Vector< double > &zeta, DenseMatrix< double > &drdzeta) const
	Derivative of position Vector w.r.t. to coordinates: $\frac{dR_i}{d \zeta_\alpha}$ = drdzeta(alpha,i). Evaluated at current time. More...

virtual void	d2position (const Vector< double > &zeta, RankThreeTensor< double > &ddrdzeta) const
	2nd derivative of position Vector w.r.t. to coordinates: $\frac{d^2R_i}{d \zeta_\alpha d \zeta_\beta}$ = ddrdzeta(alpha,beta,i). Evaluated at current time. More...

virtual void	d2position (const Vector< double > &zeta, Vector< double > &r, DenseMatrix< double > &drdzeta, RankThreeTensor< double > &ddrdzeta) const
	Posn Vector and its 1st & 2nd derivatives w.r.t. to coordinates: $\frac{dR_i}{d \zeta_\alpha}$ = drdzeta(alpha,i). $\frac{d^2R_i}{d \zeta_\alpha d \zeta_\beta}$ = ddrdzeta(alpha,beta,i). Evaluated at current time. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::SolidFiniteElement
void	set_lagrangian_dimension (const unsigned &lagrangian_dimension)
	Set the lagrangian dimension of the element — the number of lagrangian coordinates stored at the nodes in the element. More...

virtual bool	has_internal_solid_data ()
	Return whether there is internal solid data (e.g. discontinuous solid pressure). At present, this is used to report an error in setting initial conditions for ElasticProblems which can't handle such cases. The default is false. More...

	SolidFiniteElement ()
	Constructor: Set defaults. More...

virtual	~SolidFiniteElement ()
	Destructor to clean up any allocated memory. More...

	SolidFiniteElement (const SolidFiniteElement &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

unsigned	ngeom_data () const
	Broken assignment operator. More...

Data *	geom_data_pt (const unsigned &j)
	Return pointer to the j-th Data item that the object's shape depends on. (Redirects to the nodes' positional Data). More...

void	identify_geometric_data (std::set< Data * > &geometric_data_pt)
	Specify Data that affects the geometry of the element by adding the position Data to the set that's passed in. (This functionality is required in FSI problems; set is used to avoid double counting). More...

double	zeta_nodal (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	In a SolidFiniteElement, the "global" intrinsic coordinate of the element when viewed as part of a compound geometric object (a Mesh) is, by default, the Lagrangian coordinate Note the assumption here is that we are always using isoparameteric elements in which the lagrangian coordinate is interpolated by the same shape functions as the eulerian coordinate. More...

virtual void	get_x_and_xi (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &x_fe, Vector< double > &x, Vector< double > &xi_fe, Vector< double > &xi) const
	Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates as function of the local coordinates: The Eulerian position is returned in FE-interpolated form (`x_fe`) and then in the form obtained from the "current" MacroElement representation (if it exists – if not, `x` is the same as `x_fe`). This allows the Domain/MacroElement- based representation to be used to apply displacement boundary conditions exactly. Ditto for the Lagrangian coordinates returned in xi_fe and xi. (Broken virtual – overload in specific geometric element class if you want to use this functionality.) More...

virtual void	set_macro_elem_pt (MacroElement *macro_elem_pt)
	Set pointer to MacroElement – overloads generic version and uses the MacroElement also as the default for the "undeformed" configuration. This assignment must be overwritten with set_undeformed_macro_elem_pt(...) if the deformation of the solid body is driven by a deformation of the "current" Domain/MacroElement representation of it's boundary. Can be overloaded in derived classes to perform additional tasks. More...

virtual void	set_macro_elem_pt (MacroElement macro_elem_pt, MacroElement undeformed_macro_elem_pt)
	Set pointers to "current" and "undeformed" MacroElements. Can be overloaded in derived classes to perform additional tasks. More...

void	set_undeformed_macro_elem_pt (MacroElement *undeformed_macro_elem_pt)
	Set pointer to "undeformed" macro element. Can be overloaded in derived classes to perform additional tasks. More...

MacroElement *	undeformed_macro_elem_pt ()
	Access function to pointer to "undeformed" macro element. More...

double	dshape_lagrangian (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidxi) const
	Calculate shape functions and derivatives w.r.t. Lagrangian coordinates at local coordinate s. Returns the Jacobian of the mapping from Lagrangian to local coordinates. More...

virtual double	dshape_lagrangian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidxi) const
	Return the geometric shape functions and also first derivatives w.r.t. Lagrangian coordinates at ipt-th integration point. More...

double	d2shape_lagrangian (const Vector< double > &s, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidxi, DShape &d2psidxi) const
	Compute the geometric shape functions and also first and second derivatives w.r.t. Lagrangian coordinates at local coordinate s; Returns Jacobian of mapping from Lagrangian to local coordinates. Numbering: 1D: d2pidxi(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d \xi^2$ 2D: d2psidxi(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_0^2$ d2psidxi(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_1^2$ d2psidxi(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_1$ 3D: d2psidxi(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_0^2$ d2psidxi(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_1^2$ d2psidxi(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_2^2$ d2psidxi(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_1$ d2psidxi(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_2$ d2psidxi(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial \xi_1 \partial \xi_2$ . More...

virtual double	d2shape_lagrangian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt, Shape &psi, DShape &dpsidxi, DShape &d2psidxi) const
	Return the geometric shape functions and also first and second derivatives w.r.t. Lagrangian coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. Returns Jacobian of mapping from Lagrangian to local coordinates. Numbering: 1D: d2pidxi(i,0) = $d^2 \psi_j / d^2 \xi^2$ 2D: d2psidxi(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial^2 \xi_0^2$ d2psidxi(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial^2 \xi_1^2$ d2psidxi(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j/\partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_1$ 3D: d2psidxi(i,0) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial^2 \xi_0^2$ d2psidxi(i,1) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial^2 \xi_1^2$ d2psidxi(i,2) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial^2 \xi_2^2$ d2psidxi(i,3) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_1$ d2psidxi(i,4) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_0 \partial \xi_2$ d2psidxi(i,5) = $\partial^2 \psi_j / \partial \xi_1 \partial \xi_2$ . More...

unsigned	lagrangian_dimension () const
	Return the number of Lagrangian coordinates that the element requires at all nodes. This is by default the elemental dimension. If we ever need any other case, it can be implemented. More...

unsigned	nnodal_lagrangian_type () const
	Return the number of types of (generalised) nodal Lagrangian coordinates required to interpolate the Lagrangian coordinates in the element. (E.g. 1 for Lagrange-type elements; 2 for Hermite beam elements; 4 for Hermite shell elements). Default value is 1. Needs to be overloaded for any other element. More...

Node *	construct_node (const unsigned &n)
	Construct the local node n and return a pointer to it. More...

Node *	construct_node (const unsigned &n, TimeStepper *const &time_stepper_pt)
	Construct the local node n and return a pointer to it. Additionally, create storage for ‘history’ values as required by timestepper. More...

Node *	construct_boundary_node (const unsigned &n)
	Construct the local node n and return a pointer to it. in the case when it is a boundary node; that is it MAY be located on a Mesh boundary. More...

Node *	construct_boundary_node (const unsigned &n, TimeStepper *const &time_stepper_pt)
	Construct the local node n and return a pointer to it, in the case when the node MAY be located on a boundary. Additionally, create storage for ‘history’ values as required by timestepper. More...

virtual void	assign_all_generic_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof_pt)
	Overload assign_all_generic_local_equation numbers to include the data associated with solid dofs. It remains virtual so that it can be overloaded by RefineableSolidElements. If the boolean argument is true then the degrees of freedom are stored in Dof_pt. More...

double	raw_lagrangian_position (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return i-th Lagrangian coordinate at local node n without using the hanging representation. More...

double	raw_lagrangian_position_gen (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return Generalised Lagrangian coordinate at local node n. ‘Direction’ i, ‘Type’ k. Does not use the hanging node representation. More...

double	lagrangian_position (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &i) const
	Return i-th Lagrangian coordinate at local node n. More...

double	lagrangian_position_gen (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &i) const
	Return Generalised Lagrangian coordinate at local node n. ‘Direction’ i, ‘Type’ k. More...

virtual double	interpolated_xi (const Vector< double > &s, const unsigned &i) const
	Return i-th FE-interpolated Lagrangian coordinate xi[i] at local coordinate s. More...

virtual void	interpolated_xi (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &xi) const
	Compute FE interpolated Lagrangian coordinate vector xi[] at local coordinate s as Vector. More...

virtual void	interpolated_dxids (const Vector< double > &s, DenseMatrix< double > &dxids) const
	Compute derivatives of FE-interpolated Lagrangian coordinates xi with respect to local coordinates: dxids[i][j]=dxi_i/ds_j. More...

virtual void	J_lagrangian (const Vector< double > &s) const
	Return the Jacobian of mapping from local to Lagrangian coordinates at local position s. NOT YET IMPLEMENTED. More...

virtual double	J_lagrangian_at_knot (const unsigned &ipt) const
	Return the Jacobian of the mapping from local to Lagrangian coordinates at the ipt-th integration point. NOT YET IMPLEMENTED. More...

SolidInitialCondition *&	solid_ic_pt ()
	Pointer to object that describes the initial condition. More...

void	enable_solve_for_consistent_newmark_accel ()
	Set to alter the problem being solved when assigning the initial conditions for time-dependent problems: solve for the history value that corresponds to the acceleration in the Newmark scheme by demanding that the PDE is satisifed at the initial time. In this case the Jacobian is replaced by the mass matrix. More...

void	disable_solve_for_consistent_newmark_accel ()
	Set to reset the problem being solved to be the standard problem. More...

MultiplierFctPt &	multiplier_fct_pt ()
	Access function: Pointer to multiplicator function for assignment of consistent assignement of initial conditions for Newmark scheme. More...

MultiplierFctPt	multiplier_fct_pt () const
	Access function: Pointer to multiplicator function for assignment of consistent assignement of initial conditions for Newmark scheme (const version) More...

virtual void	get_residuals_for_solid_ic (Vector< double > &residuals)
	Compute the residuals for the setup of an initial condition. The global equations are: More...

void	fill_in_residuals_for_solid_ic (Vector< double > &residuals)
	Fill in the residuals for the setup of an initial condition. The global equations are: More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_for_solid_ic (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Fill in the residuals and Jacobian for the setup of an initial condition. The global equations are: More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_for_newmark_accel (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Fill in the contributions of the Jacobian matrix for the consistent assignment of the initial "accelerations" in Newmark scheme. In this case the Jacobian is the mass matrix. More...

void	compute_norm (double &el_norm)
	Calculate the L2 norm of the displacement u=R-r to overload the compute_norm function in the GeneralisedElement base class. More...

int	position_local_eqn (const unsigned &n, const unsigned &k, const unsigned &j) const
	Access function that returns the local equation number that corresponds to the j-th coordinate of the k-th position-type at the n-th local node. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations
	KirchhoffLoveShellEquations ()
	Constructor: Initialise physical parameter values to defaults. More...

void	set_prestress_pt (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &j, double *value_pt)
	Set pointer to (i,j)-th component of second Piola Kirchhoff membrane prestress to specified value (automatically imposes symmetry for off-diagonal entries) More...

double	prestress (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &j)
	Return (i,j)-th component of second Piola Kirchhoff membrane prestress. More...

void	disable_membrane_terms ()
	Set to disable the calculation of membrane terms. More...

void	enable_membrane_terms ()
	Set to renable the calculation of membrane terms (default) More...

const double &	nu () const
	Return the Poisson's ratio. More...

const double &	h () const
	Return the wall thickness to undeformed radius ratio. More...

const double &	lambda_sq () const
	Return the timescale ratio (non-dimensional density) More...

double *&	nu_pt ()
	Return a pointer to the Poisson ratio. More...

double *&	h_pt ()
	Return a pointer to the non-dim wall thickness. More...

double *&	lambda_sq_pt ()
	Return a pointer to timescale ratio (nondim density) More...

GeomObject *&	undeformed_midplane_pt ()
	Return a reference to geometric object that specifies the shell's undeformed geometry. More...

void	get_normal (const Vector< double > &s, Vector< double > &N)
	Get normal vector. More...

void	fill_in_contribution_to_residuals (Vector< double > &residuals)
	Overload the standard fill in residuals contribution. More...

void	get_energy (double &pot_en, double &kin_en)
	Get potential (strain) and kinetic energy of the element. More...

std::pair< double, double >	get_strain_and_bend (const Vector< double > &s, DenseDoubleMatrix &strain, DenseDoubleMatrix &bend)
	Get strain and bending tensors; returns pair comprising the determinant of the undeformed (.first) and deformed (.second) midplane metric tensor. More...

double	load_rate_of_work ()
	Get integral of instantaneous rate of work done on the wall due to the load returned by the virtual function load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation(...). In the current class the latter function simply de-references the external load but this can be overloaded in derived classes (e.g. in FSI elements) to determine the rate of work done by individual constituents of this load (e.g. the fluid load in an FSI problem). More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::SolidDiagQHermiteElement< 2 >
	SolidDiagQHermiteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

	SolidDiagQHermiteElement (const SolidDiagQHermiteElement &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const SolidDiagQHermiteElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

double	local_to_lagrangian_mapping (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Overload the local to lagrangian mapping so that it uses diagonal terms only. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::DiagQHermiteElement< DIM >
	DiagQHermiteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

	DiagQHermiteElement (const DiagQHermiteElement &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const DiagQHermiteElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::SolidQHermiteElement< DIM >
	SolidQHermiteElement ()
	Constructor. More...

	SolidQHermiteElement (const SolidQHermiteElement &dummy)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const SolidQHermiteElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile)
	Overload the output function. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	Output at n_plot points. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt)
	C-style output. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	C_style output at n_plot points. More...

void	build_face_element (const int &face_index, FaceElement *face_element_pt)
	Build the lower-dimensional FaceElement of the type SolidQHermiteElement<DIM-1>. The face index takes a value that correponds to the possible faces: More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The output function for n_plot points in each coordinate direction for the 1D element. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The C-style output function for n_plot points in each coordinate direction for the 1D element. More...

void	output (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &n_p)
	The output function for any number of points per element. More...

void	output (FILE *file_pt, const unsigned &n_plot)
	The C-style output function for any number of points per element. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::FSIWallElement
void	describe_local_dofs (std::ostream &out, const std::string &current_string) const
	Function to describe the local dofs of the element. The ostream specifies the output stream to which the description is written; the string stores the currently assembled output that is ultimately written to the output stream by Data::describe_dofs(...); it is typically built up incrementally as we descend through the call hierarchy of this function when called from Problem::describe_dofs(...) More...

	FSIWallElement ()
	Constructor. Note that element is not fully-functional until its setup_fsi_wall_element() function has been called! More...

	FSIWallElement (const FSIWallElement &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const FSIWallElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

virtual	~FSIWallElement ()
	Empty virtual destructor for safety. More...

void	setup_fsi_wall_element (const unsigned &nlagr_solid, const unsigned &ndim_fluid)
	Setup: Assign storage – pass the Eulerian dimension of the "adjacent" fluid elements and the number of local coordinates required to parametrise the wall element. E.g. for a FSIKirchhoffLoveBeam, bounding a 2D fluid domain ndim_fluid=2 and nlagr_solid=1. More...

const double &	q () const
	Return the ratio of the stress scales used to non-dimensionalise the fluid and solid equations. E.g. $Q = \mu U/(LE)$ if the fluid mechanics stresses (pressures) are scaled on the viscous scale $\mu U / L$ and the solid mechanics stresses on the solid's Young's modulus . More...

double *&	q_pt ()
	Return a pointer the ratio of stress scales used to non-dimensionalise the fluid and solid equations. More...

void	enable_fluid_loading_on_both_sides ()
	Allow element to be loaded by fluid on both sides. (Resizes containers for lookup schemes and initialises data associated with elements at the "back" of the FSIWallElement to NULL. More...

bool	only_front_is_loaded_by_fluid () const
	Is the element exposed to (and hence loaded by) fluid only on its "front"? True by default. This flag is set to false if the FSIWallElement is immersed in fluid in which case each integration point is loaded by two adjacent fluid elements, one at the "front" and one at the "back". This is a read-only function – the ability have loading from both sides must be enabled by a call to FSIWallElement::enable_fluid_loading_on_both_sides();. More...

void	exclude_external_load_data ()
	Do not include any external data that affects the load in the computation of element's Jacobian matrix. This functionality is provided to allow the "user" to deem the coupling to the fluid equations to be irrelevant and to facilitate the solution of a auxiliary solids-only problems, e.g. during the assignment of initial conditions for a time-dependent FSI problem. More...

void	include_external_load_data ()
	Include all external fluid data that affects the load in the computation of the element's Jacobian matrix. More...

void	disable_shear_stress_in_jacobian ()
	Call this function to ignore shear stress component of load when calculating the Jacobian, i.e. to ignore fluid velocity Data in the FSIFluidElement and "far away" geometric Data that affects nodal positions in the FSIFluidElement, also to bypass node updates in the FSIFluidElement. This functionality is provided to allow the user to deem the coupling to the shear stress component of the fluid equations to be irrelevant. More...

void	enable_shear_stress_in_jacobian ()
	Call thi function to re-enable calculation of the shear stress componnent of load when calculating the Jacobian (the default) More...

void	node_update_adjacent_fluid_elements ()
	Update the nodal positions in all fluid elements that affect the traction on this FSIWallElement. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from oomph::ElementWithExternalElement
	ElementWithExternalElement ()
	Constructor. Initialise member data and pointers to data associated with the external elements to zero. More...

virtual	~ElementWithExternalElement ()
	The destructor, clean up any allocated memory. More...

	ElementWithExternalElement (const ElementWithExternalElement &)=delete
	Broken copy constructor. More...

void	operator= (const ElementWithExternalElement &)=delete
	Broken assignment operator. More...

bool	storage_has_been_allocated () const
	Helper function to check if storage has actually been allocated. More...

FiniteElement *&	external_element_pt (const unsigned &interaction_index, const unsigned &ipt)
	Access function to source element for specified interaction index at specified integration point. More...

FiniteElement *const &	external_element_pt (const unsigned &interaction_index, const unsigned &ipt) const
	Access function to source element, const version. More...

Vector< double > &	external_element_local_coord (const unsigned &interaction_index, const unsigned &ipt)
	Access function to get source element's local coords for specified interaction index at specified integration point. More...

Vector< double > const &	external_element_local_coord (const unsigned &interaction_index, const unsigned &ipt) const
	Access function to get source element's coords, const version. More...

void	output_external_elements (std::ostream &outfile, const unsigned &interaction_index)
	Output by plotting vector from integration point to corresponding point in external element for specified interaction index. More...

void	initialise_external_element_storage ()
	Initialise storage for pointers to external elements and their local coordinates. This must be called before any of the access functions are used. More...

void	flush_all_external_element_storage ()
	Flush the storage for external elements. More...

void	set_ninteraction (const unsigned &n_interaction)
	Set the number of interactions in the element This function is usually called in the specific element's constructor. More...

unsigned	ninteraction () const
	Return the number of interactions in the element. More...

unsigned	nexternal_interaction_field_data () const
	Return the number of Data items that affect the external interactions in this element. This includes e.g. fluid velocities and pressures in adjacent fluid elements in an FSI problem. More...

Vector< Data * >	external_interaction_field_data_pt () const
	Return vector of pointers to the field Data objects that affect the interactions on the element. More...

unsigned	nexternal_interaction_geometric_data () const
	Return the number of geometric Data items that affect the external interactions in this element: i.e. any geometric Data in the problem that affects the nodal positions in the external elements. More...

bool	add_external_geometric_data ()
	Are we including external geometric data in the element's Jacobian. More...

bool	add_external_interaction_data ()
	Are we including external data in the element's Jacobian. More...

Vector< Data * >	external_interaction_geometric_data_pt () const
	Return vector of pointers to the geometric Data objects that affect the interactions on the element. More...

void	ignore_external_geometric_data ()
	Do not include any external geometric data when computing the element's Jacobian. This function should be called if the external element does not move and/or if the "source term" does not depend on spatial derivatives of the field computed by the other element. More...

void	ignore_external_interaction_data ()
	Do not include any external interaction data when computing the element's Jacobian. More...

void	include_external_geometric_data ()
	Do include external geometric data when computing the element's Jacobian. This function should be called to re-enable inclusion of external geometric data. More...

void	include_external_interaction_data ()
	Do include external geometric data when computing the element's Jacobian This function should be called to re-enable inclusion of external interaction data. More...

bool	external_geometric_data_is_included () const
	Is the external geometric data taken into account when forming the Jacobian? More...

Private Member Functions
virtual void	load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation (const unsigned &intpt, const Vector< double > &xi, const Vector< double > &x, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)
	Get the load vector for the computation of the rate of work done by the load. Can switch between full load and fluid load only. Overloads the version in the shell element base class. Pass number of integration point (dummy) Lagr. coordinate and normal vector and return the load vector (not all of the input arguments will be required for all specific load functions but the list should cover all cases). More...

Private Attributes
bool	Normal_points_into_fluid
	Boolean flag to indicate whether the normal is directed into the fluid. More...

bool	Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only
	Boolean flag to indicate if rate-of-work by load is to be based on the fluid traction only. More...

Additional Inherited Members
Public Types inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
typedef void(*	SteadyExactSolutionFctPt) (const Vector< double > &, Vector< double > &)
	Function pointer for function that computes vector-valued steady "exact solution" ${\bf f}({\bf x})$ as $\mbox{\tt fct}({\bf x}, {\bf f})$ . More...

typedef void(*	UnsteadyExactSolutionFctPt) (const double &, const Vector< double > &, Vector< double > &)
	Function pointer for function that computes Vector-valued time-dependent function ${\bf f}(t,{\bf x})$ as $\mbox{\tt fct}(t, {\bf x}, {\bf f})$ . More...

Public Types inherited from oomph::SolidFiniteElement
typedef double(*	MultiplierFctPt) (const Vector< double > &xi)
	Pointer to function that computes the "multiplier" for the inertia terms in the consistent determination of the initial conditions for Newmark timestepping. More...

Public Attributes inherited from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations
void(*&)(const Vector< double > &xi, const Vector< double > &x, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)	load_vector_fct_pt ()
	Access to the load vector function pointer. More...

Static Public Attributes inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
static double	Tolerance_for_singular_jacobian = 1.0e-16
	Tolerance below which the jacobian is considered singular. More...

static bool	Accept_negative_jacobian = false
	Boolean that if set to true allows a negative jacobian in the transform between global and local coordinates (negative surface area = left-handed coordinate system). More...

static bool	Suppress_output_while_checking_for_inverted_elements
	Static boolean to suppress output while checking for inverted elements. More...

Static Public Attributes inherited from oomph::GeneralisedElement
static bool	Suppress_warning_about_repeated_internal_data
	Static boolean to suppress warnings about repeated internal data. Defaults to false. More...

static bool	Suppress_warning_about_repeated_external_data = true
	Static boolean to suppress warnings about repeated external data. Defaults to true. More...

static double	Default_fd_jacobian_step = 1.0e-8
	Double used for the default finite difference step in elemental jacobian calculations. More...

Static Public Attributes inherited from oomph::FSIWallElement
static bool	Dont_warn_about_missing_adjacent_fluid_elements = false
	Static flag that allows the suppression of warning messages. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
virtual void	assemble_local_to_eulerian_jacobian (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian) const
	Assemble the jacobian matrix for the mapping from local to Eulerian coordinates, given the derivatives of the shape function w.r.t the local coordinates. More...

virtual void	assemble_local_to_eulerian_jacobian2 (const DShape &d2psids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2) const
	Assemble the the "jacobian" matrix of second derivatives of the mapping from local to Eulerian coordinates, given the second derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. local coordinates. More...

virtual void	assemble_eulerian_base_vectors (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &interpolated_G) const
	Assemble the covariant Eulerian base vectors, assuming that the derivatives of the shape functions with respect to the local coordinates have already been constructed. More...

template<unsigned DIM>
double	invert_jacobian (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Take the matrix passed as jacobian and return its inverse in inverse_jacobian. This function is templated by the dimension of the element because matrix inversion cannot be written efficiently in a generic manner. More...

double	local_to_eulerian_mapping (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Calculate the mapping from local to Eulerian coordinates, given the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. local coordinates, Return only the determinant of the jacobian and the inverse of the mapping (ds/dx). More...

virtual double	local_to_eulerian_mapping_diagonal (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Calculate the mapping from local to Eulerian coordinates given the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t the local coordinates. assuming that the coordinates are aligned in the direction of the local coordinates, i.e. there are no cross terms and the jacobian is diagonal. This function returns the determinant of the jacobian, the jacobian and the inverse jacobian. More...

virtual void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	A template-free interface that calculates the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij. To do this it requires the jacobian matrix and the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. the local coordinates. By default the function will use the dimension of the element to call the correct dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper(..) function. This should be overloaded for efficiency (removal of a switch statement) in specific elements. More...

template<unsigned DIM>
void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	Calculate the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij using the jacobian matrix and the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. the local coordinates. This function is templated by the dimension of the element. More...

virtual void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	A template-free interface that calculates the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions $\psi_j$ w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates . I.e. this function calculates. More...

template<unsigned DIM>
void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	Calculate the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates , using the determinant of the jacobian mapping, its derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ , the inverse jacobian and the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. the local coordinates. The result is returned as a tensor of rank four. Numbering: d_dpsidx_dX(p,q,j,i) = $\frac{\partial}{\partial X_{pq}} \left( \frac{\partial \psi_j}{\partial x_i} \right)$ This function is templated by the dimension of the element. More...

void	transform_derivatives_diagonal (const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, DShape &dbasis) const
	Convert derivative w.r.t local coordinates to derivatives w.r.t the coordinates used to assemble the inverse jacobian passed in the mapping, assuming that the coordinates are aligned in the direction of the local coordinates. On entry dbasis must contain the derivatives of the basis functions w.r.t. the local coordinates; it will contain the derivatives w.r.t. the new coordinates. are converted into the new using the mapping inverse_jacobian. More...

template<unsigned DIM>
void	transform_second_derivatives_template (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t. local coordinates to derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates used to asssmble the jacobian, inverse jacobian and jacobian2 passed in the mapping. This is templated by dimension because the method of calculation varies significantly with the dimension. On entry dbasis and d2basis must contain the derivatives w.r.t. the local coordinates; on exit they will be the derivatives w.r.t. the transformed coordinates. More...

template<unsigned DIM>
void	transform_second_derivatives_diagonal (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t. local coordinates to derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates used to asssmble the jacobian, inverse jacobian and jacobian2 passed in the mapping. This version of the function assumes that the local coordinates are aligned with the global coordinates, i.e. the jacobians are diagonal On entry dbasis and d2basis must contain the derivatives w.r.t. the local coordinates; on exit they will be the derivatives w.r.t. the transformed coordinates. More...

virtual void	fill_in_jacobian_from_nodal_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the nodal degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_nodal_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the nodal degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. More...

virtual void	update_before_nodal_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any nodal data. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

template<>
double	invert_jacobian (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Zero-d specialisation of function to calculate inverse of jacobian mapping. More...

template<>
double	invert_jacobian (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	One-d specialisation of function to calculate inverse of jacobian mapping. More...

template<>
double	invert_jacobian (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Two-d specialisation of function to calculate inverse of jacobian mapping. More...

template<>
double	invert_jacobian (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Three-d specialisation of function to calculate inverse of jacobian mapping. More...

template<>
void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	Zero-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij. More...

template<>
void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	One-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij. More...

template<>
void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	Two-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij. More...

template<>
void	dJ_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX) const
	Three-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative of the jacobian of a mapping with respect to the nodal coordinates X_ij. More...

template<>
void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	Zero-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates . More...

template<>
void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	One-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates . More...

template<>
void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	Two-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates . More...

template<>
void	d_dshape_eulerian_dnodal_coordinates_templated_helper (const double &det_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &djacobian_dX, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DShape &dpsids, RankFourTensor< double > &d_dpsidx_dX) const
	Three-d specialisation of function to calculate the derivative w.r.t. the nodal coordinates $X_{pq}$ of the derivative of the shape functions w.r.t. the global eulerian coordinates . More...

template<>
void	transform_second_derivatives_template (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t local coordinates to derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates used to assemble the jacobian, inverse_jacobian and jacobian 2 passed. This must be specialised for each dimension, otherwise it gets very ugly Specialisation to one dimension. More...

template<>
void	transform_second_derivatives_template (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t local coordinates to derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates used to assemble the jacobian, inverse_jacobian and jacobian 2 passed. This must be specialised for each dimension, otherwise it gets very ugly. Specialisation to two spatial dimensions. More...

template<>
void	transform_second_derivatives_diagonal (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert derivatives and second derivatives w.r.t local coordinates to derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates used to assemble the jacobian, inverse_jacobian and jacobian 2 passed. This must be specialised for each dimension, otherwise it gets very ugly Specialisation to one dimension. More...

template<>
void	transform_second_derivatives_diagonal (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Convert second derivatives w.r.t. local coordinates to second derivatives w.r.t. the coordinates passed in the tensor coordinate. Specialised to two spatial dimension. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::GeneralisedElement
unsigned	add_internal_data (Data *const &data_pt, const bool &fd=true)
	Add a (pointer to an) internal data object to the element and return the index required to obtain it from the access function `internal_data_pt()`. The boolean indicates whether the datum should be included in the general finite-difference loop when calculating the jacobian. The default value is true, i.e. the data will be included in the finite differencing. More...

bool	internal_data_fd (const unsigned &i) const
	Return the status of the boolean flag indicating whether the internal data is included in the finite difference loop. More...

void	exclude_internal_data_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Set the boolean flag to exclude the internal datum from the finite difference loop when computing the jacobian matrix. More...

void	include_internal_data_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Set the boolean flag to include the internal datum in the finite difference loop when computing the jacobian matrix. More...

void	clear_global_eqn_numbers ()
	Clear the storage for the global equation numbers and pointers to dofs (if stored) More...

void	add_global_eqn_numbers (std::deque< unsigned long > const &global_eqn_numbers, std::deque< double * > const &global_dof_pt)
	Add the contents of the queue global_eqn_numbers to the local storage for the local-to-global translation scheme. It is essential that the entries in the queue are added IN ORDER i.e. from the front. More...

virtual void	assign_additional_local_eqn_numbers ()
	Setup any additional look-up schemes for local equation numbers. Examples of use include using local storage to refer to explicit degrees of freedom. The additional memory cost of such storage may or may not be offset by fast local access. More...

int	internal_local_eqn (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &j) const
	Return the local equation number corresponding to the j-th value stored at the i-th internal data. More...

int	external_local_eqn (const unsigned &i, const unsigned &j)
	Return the local equation number corresponding to the j-th value stored at the i-th external data. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_internal_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const bool &fd_all_data=false)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the internal degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. If the boolean argument is true, the finite differencing will be performed for all internal data, irrespective of the information in Data_fd. The default value (false) uses the information in Data_fd to selectively difference only certain data. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_internal_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const bool &fd_all_data=false)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the internal degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. If the boolean argument is true, the finite differencing will be performed for all internal data, irrespective of the information in Data_fd. The default value (false) uses the information in Data_fd to selectively difference only certain data. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const bool &fd_all_data=false)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the external degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. If the boolean argument is true, the finite differencing will be performed for all external data, irrespective of the information in Data_fd. The default value (false) uses the information in Data_fd to selectively difference only certain data. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const bool &fd_all_data=false)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the external degrees of freedom using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. If the boolean argument is true, the finite differencing will be performed for all internal data, irrespective of the information in Data_fd. The default value (false) uses the information in Data_fd to selectively difference only certain data. More...

virtual void	update_before_internal_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any internal data. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

virtual void	update_before_external_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any external data. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_mass_matrix (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &mass_matrix)
	Add the elemental contribution to the mass matrix matrix. and the residuals vector. Note that this function should NOT initialise the residuals vector or the mass matrix. It must be called after the residuals vector and jacobian matrix have been initialised to zero. The default is deliberately broken. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian_and_mass_matrix (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &mass_matrix)
	Add the elemental contribution to the jacobian matrix, mass matrix and the residuals vector. Note that this function should NOT initialise any entries. It must be called after the residuals vector and matrices have been initialised to zero. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_dresiduals_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam)
	Add the elemental contribution to the derivatives of the residuals with respect to a parameter. This function should NOT initialise any entries and must be called after the entries have been initialised to zero The default implementation is to use finite differences to calculate the derivatives. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_djacobian_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &djac_dparam)
	Add the elemental contribution to the derivatives of the elemental Jacobian matrix and residuals with respect to a parameter. This function should NOT initialise any entries and must be called after the entries have been initialised to zero The default implementation is to use finite differences to calculate the derivatives. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_djacobian_and_dmass_matrix_dparameter (double *const &parameter_pt, Vector< double > &dres_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &djac_dparam, DenseMatrix< double > &dmass_matrix_dparam)
	Add the elemental contribution to the derivative of the jacobian matrix, mass matrix and the residuals vector with respect to the passed parameter. Note that this function should NOT initialise any entries. It must be called after the residuals vector and matrices have been initialised to zero. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_hessian_vector_products (Vector< double > const &Y, DenseMatrix< double > const &C, DenseMatrix< double > &product)
	Fill in contribution to the product of the Hessian (derivative of Jacobian with respect to all variables) an eigenvector, Y, and other specified vectors, C (d(J_{ij})/d u_{k}) Y_{j} C_{k}. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_inner_products (Vector< std::pair< unsigned, unsigned >> const &history_index, Vector< double > &inner_product)
	Fill in the contribution to the inner products between given pairs of history values. More...

virtual void	fill_in_contribution_to_inner_product_vectors (Vector< unsigned > const &history_index, Vector< Vector< double >> &inner_product_vector)
	Fill in the contributions to the vectors that when taken as dot product with other history values give the inner product over the element. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::SolidFiniteElement
void	fill_in_generic_jacobian_for_solid_ic (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const unsigned &flag)
	Helper function to fill in the residuals and (if flag==1) the Jacobian for the setup of an initial condition. The global equations are: More...

void	set_nnodal_lagrangian_type (const unsigned &nlagrangian_type)
	Set the number of types required to interpolate the Lagrangian coordinates. More...

double	local_to_lagrangian_mapping (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Calculate the mapping from local to lagrangian coordinates, given the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t. local coordinates, Return only the determinant of the jacobian and the inverse of the mapping (ds/dx) More...

virtual double	local_to_lagrangian_mapping_diagonal (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Calculate the mapping from local to Lagrangian coordinates given the derivatives of the shape functions w.r.t the local coorindates. assuming that the coordinates are aligned in the direction of the local coordinates, i.e. there are no cross terms and the jacobian is diagonal. This function returns the determinant of the jacobian, the jacobian and the inverse jacobian. More...

virtual void	assign_solid_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof)
	Assigns local equation numbers for the generic solid local equation numbering schemes. If the boolean flag is true the the degrees of freedom are stored in Dof_pt. More...

void	describe_solid_local_dofs (std::ostream &out, const std::string &current_string) const
	Classifies dofs locally for solid specific aspects. More...

virtual void	fill_in_jacobian_from_solid_position_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Use finite differences to calculate the Jacobian entries corresponding to the solid positions. This version assumes that the residuals vector has already been computed. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_solid_position_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Use finite differences to calculate the Jacobian entries corresponding to the solid positions. More...

virtual void	update_before_solid_position_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any solid position data. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations
double	calculate_contravariant (double A[2][2], double Aup[2][2])
	Invert a DIM by DIM matrix. More...

void	fill_in_contribution_to_residuals_shell (Vector< double > &residuals)
	Helper function to Return the residuals for the equations of KL shell theory. This is used to prevent a call of fill_in_contribution_to_residuals in the function fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian that can lead to virtual inheritance woes if this element is ever used as part of a multi-physics element. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::DiagQHermiteElement< DIM >
double	invert_jacobian_mapping (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Overload the template-free interface for the calculation of the inverse jacobian. Pass the dimension of the element to the invert_jacobian function. More...

double	local_to_eulerian_mapping (const DShape &dpsids, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian) const
	Overload the local to eulerian mapping so that it uses diagonal terms only. More...

void	transform_derivatives (const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, DShape &dbasis) const
	Overload the template-free interface for the transformation of derivatives, so that the diagonal version is used. More...

void	transform_second_derivatives (const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &inverse_jacobian, const DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian2, DShape &dbasis, DShape &d2basis) const
	Overload the template-free interface for the calculation of transformation of second derivatives. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::FSIWallElement
void	update_in_internal_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After an internal data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_internal_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for internal data after the values in the i-th external data object are reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_internal_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the internal data. This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	update_in_external_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After an external data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_external_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for external data after the values in the i-th external data object are reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_external_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the external data. This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	update_in_nodal_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After a nodal data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_nodal_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for nodal data after the i-th nodal values is reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_nodal_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the nodal data. This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	update_in_external_interaction_field_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After an external field data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_external_interaction_field_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for external interaction data after the values in the i-th external interaction data object associated with external fields are reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_external_interaction_field_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the external interaction data associated with external fields This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	update_in_external_interaction_geometric_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After an external geometric data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_external_interaction_geometric_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for external interaction data after the values in the i-th external interaction data object associated with external geometry are reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_external_interaction_geometric_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the external interaction data associated with external geometry. This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	update_in_solid_position_fd (const unsigned &i)
	After an internal data change, update the nodal positions. More...

void	reset_in_solid_position_fd (const unsigned &i)
	Function called within the finite difference loop for solid position data after the values in the i-th node are reset. The default behaviour is to call the update function. More...

void	reset_after_solid_position_fd ()
	Function that is call after the finite differencing of the solid position data. This may be overloaded to reset any dependent variables that may have changed during the finite differencing. More...

void	fluid_load_vector (const unsigned &intpt, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)
	Get FE Jacobian by systematic finite differencing w.r.t. nodal positition Data, internal and external Data and any load Data that is not included in the previous categories. This is a re-implementation of the generic FD routines with they key difference being that any updates of values are followed by a node update in the adjacent fluid elements since their position (and hence the shear stresses they exert onto the solid) may be indirectly affected by these. For greater efficiency this may be overloaded in derived classes, e.g. if it is known that for a specific FSIWallElement, the internal Data does not affect the nodal positions in adjacent fluid elements. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::ElementWithExternalElement
void	assign_internal_and_external_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof_pt)
	Overload the assign internal and external local equation number scheme so that the interaction data is taken into account. More...

void	assign_external_interaction_data_local_eqn_numbers (const bool &store_local_dof_pt)
	Assign the local equation numbers for those Data values involved in the external interactions that affect the residuals of the element. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from all external interaction degrees of freedom (geometric and field data) in the external element using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from all enternal interaction degrees of freedom (geometric and field data) in the external element using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_field_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the external interaction degrees of freedom associated with fields interpolated by the external element using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_field_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the enternal interaction degrees of freedom associated with fields interpolated by the external element using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_geometric_by_fd (Vector< double > &residuals, DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the external interaction degrees of freedom associated with the geometry of the external elements using finite differences. This version of the function assumes that the residuals vector has already been calculated. More...

void	fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_geometric_by_fd (DenseMatrix< double > &jacobian)
	Calculate the contributions to the jacobian from the external interaction degrees of freedom associated with the geometry of the external elements using finite differences. This version computes the residuals vector before calculating the jacobian terms. More...

virtual void	update_before_external_interaction_field_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any external interaction data associated with external fields. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

virtual void	update_before_external_interaction_geometric_fd ()
	Function that is called before the finite differencing of any external interaction data associated with external geometry. This may be overloaded to update any dependent data before finite differencing takes place. More...

Static Protected Member Functions inherited from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations
static void	Zero_traction_fct (const Vector< double > &xi, const Vector< double > &x, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)
	Default load function (zero traction) More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
MacroElement *	Macro_elem_pt
	Pointer to the element's macro element (NULL by default) More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::GeneralisedElement
int	Non_halo_proc_ID
	Non-halo processor ID for Data; -1 if it's not a halo. More...

bool	Must_be_kept_as_halo
	Does this element need to be kept as a halo element during a distribute? More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::GeomObject
unsigned	NLagrangian
	Number of Lagrangian (intrinsic) coordinates. More...

unsigned	Ndim
	Number of Eulerian coordinates. More...

TimeStepper *	Geom_object_time_stepper_pt
	Timestepper (used to handle access to geometry at previous timesteps) More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::SolidFiniteElement
MacroElement *	Undeformed_macro_elem_pt
	Pointer to the element's "undeformed" macro element (NULL by default) More...

SolidInitialCondition *	Solid_ic_pt
	Pointer to object that specifies the initial condition. More...

bool	Solve_for_consistent_newmark_accel_flag
	Flag to indicate which system of equations to solve when assigning initial conditions for time-dependent problems. If true, solve for the history value that corresponds to the acceleration in the Newmark scheme by demanding that the PDE is satisifed at the initial time. In this case the Jacobian is replaced by the mass matrix. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations
void(*	Load_vector_fct_pt )(const Vector< double > &xi, const Vector< double > &x, const Vector< double > &N, Vector< double > &load)
	Pointer to load vector function: Its arguments are: Lagrangian coordinate, Eulerian coordinate, normal vector and load vector itself (not all of the input arguments will be required for all specific load functions but the list should cover all cases) More...

GeomObject *	Undeformed_midplane_pt
	Pointer to the GeomObject that specifies the undeformed midplane of the shell. More...

Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::ElementWithExternalElement
bool	Add_external_interaction_data
	Boolean flag to indicate whether to include the external data. More...

bool	Add_external_geometric_data
	Boolean flag to indicate whether to include the external geometric data. More...

Data **	External_interaction_field_data_pt
	/ Storage for pointers to external field Data that affect the interactions in the elemenet More...

Data **	External_interaction_geometric_data_pt
	/ Storage for pointers to external geometric Data that affect the interactions in the elemenet More...

Static Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::FiniteElement
static const unsigned	Default_Initial_Nvalue = 0
	Default return value for required_nvalue(n) which gives the number of "data" values required by the element at node n; for example, solving a Poisson equation would required only one "data" value at each node. The defaults is set to zero, because a general element is problem-less. More...

static const double	Node_location_tolerance = 1.0e-14
	Default value for the tolerance to be used when locating nodes via local coordinates. More...

static const unsigned	N2deriv [] = {0, 1, 3, 6}
	Static array that holds the number of second derivatives as a function of the dimension of the element. More...

Static Protected Attributes inherited from oomph::GeneralisedElement
static DenseMatrix< double >	Dummy_matrix
	Empty dense matrix used as a dummy argument to combined residual and jacobian functions in the case when only the residuals are being assembled. More...

static std::deque< double * >	Dof_pt_deque
	Static storage for deque used to add_global_equation_numbers when pointers to the dofs in each element are not required. More...

Detailed Description

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

Diag Hermite Kirchhoff Love shell "upgraded" to a FSIWallElement (and thus, by inheritance, a GeomObject), so it can be used in FSI.

Definition at line 430 of file shell_elements.h.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ FSIDiagHermiteShellElement()

oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement ( )

inline

Constructor: Create shell element as FSIWallElement (and thus, by inheritance, a GeomObject) with two Lagrangian coordinates and 3 Eulerian coordinates. By default, we assume that the normal vector computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) points into the fluid. If this is not the case, call the access function FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid()

Definition at line 476 of file shell_elements.h.

References oomph::FSIWallElement::setup_fsi_wall_element().

◆ ~FSIDiagHermiteShellElement()

oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::~FSIDiagHermiteShellElement ( )

inline

Destructor: empty.

Definition at line 487 of file shell_elements.h.

Member Function Documentation

◆ dposition_dlagrangian_at_local_coordinate()

void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::dposition_dlagrangian_at_local_coordinate	(	const Vector< double > &	s,
		DenseMatrix< double > &	drdxi
	)		const

Derivative of position vector w.r.t. the SolidFiniteElement's Lagrangian coordinates; evaluated at current time.

Define the dposition function. This is used to set no-slip boundary conditions in some FSI problems.

Definition at line 1332 of file shell_elements.cc.

References oomph::SolidFiniteElement::dshape_lagrangian(), i, oomph::DenseMatrix< T >::initialise(), oomph::GeomObject::ndim(), oomph::GeomObject::nlagrangian(), oomph::FiniteElement::nnodal_position_type(), oomph::FiniteElement::nnode(), oomph::FiniteElement::nodal_position_gen(), s, and oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::Undeformed_midplane_pt.

◆ fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian()

virtual void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian	(	Vector< double > &	residuals,
		DenseMatrix< double > &	jacobian
	)

inlinevirtual

Get the Jacobian and residuals. Wrapper to generic FSI version; that catches the case when we replace the Jacobian by the mass matrix (for the consistent assignment of initial conditions).

Reimplemented from oomph::FSIWallElement.

Definition at line 564 of file shell_elements.h.

References oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian(), and oomph::ElementWithExternalElement::fill_in_jacobian_from_external_interaction_by_fd().

◆ fluid_load_rate_of_work()

double oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::fluid_load_rate_of_work ( )

inline

Get integral of instantaneous rate of work done on the wall due to the fluid load returned by the function fluid_load_vector(...).

Definition at line 513 of file shell_elements.h.

References Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only, and oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::load_rate_of_work().

◆ get_dof_numbers_for_unknowns()

void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::get_dof_numbers_for_unknowns ( std::list< std::pair< unsigned long, unsigned >> & dof_lookup_list ) const

virtual

Create a list of pairs for all unknowns in this element, so that the first entry in each pair contains the global equation number of the unknown, while the second one contains the number of the "DOF types" that this unknown is associated with. (Function can obviously only be called if the equation numbering scheme has been set up.)

Create a list of pairs for all unknowns in this element, so that the first entry in each pair contains the global equation number of the unknown, while the second one contains the number of the "DOF types" that this unknown is associated with. (Function can obviously only be called if the equation numbering scheme has been set up.) This element is only in charge of the solid dofs.

Reimplemented from oomph::GeneralisedElement.

Definition at line 1398 of file shell_elements.cc.

References oomph::GeneralisedElement::eqn_number(), i, oomph::FiniteElement::nnodal_position_type(), oomph::FiniteElement::nnode(), oomph::FiniteElement::nodal_dimension(), and oomph::SolidFiniteElement::position_local_eqn().

◆ load_vector()

void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::load_vector	(	const unsigned &	intpt,
		const Vector< double > &	xi,
		const Vector< double > &	x,
		const Vector< double > &	N,
		Vector< double > &	load
	)

inlinevirtual

Get the load vector: Pass number of the integration point, Lagr. coordinate, Eulerian coordinate and normal vector and return the load vector. (Not all of the input arguments will be required for all specific load functions but the list should cover all cases). We first evaluate the load function defined via KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::load_vector_fct_pt() – this represents the non-FSI load on the shell, e.g. an external pressure load. Then we add to this the FSI load due to the traction exerted by the adjacent FSIFluidElements, taking the sign of the normal into account.

Reimplemented from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations.

Definition at line 532 of file shell_elements.h.

References oomph::FSIWallElement::fluid_load_vector(), i, oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::Load_vector_fct_pt, oomph::QuadTreeNames::N, and Normal_points_into_fluid.

Referenced by load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation().

◆ load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation()

virtual void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation	(	const unsigned &	intpt,
		const Vector< double > &	xi,
		const Vector< double > &	x,
		const Vector< double > &	N,
		Vector< double > &	load
	)

inlineprivatevirtual

Get the load vector for the computation of the rate of work done by the load. Can switch between full load and fluid load only. Overloads the version in the shell element base class. Pass number of integration point (dummy) Lagr. coordinate and normal vector and return the load vector (not all of the input arguments will be required for all specific load functions but the list should cover all cases).

Get fluid-only load vector

Reimplemented from oomph::KirchhoffLoveShellEquations.

Definition at line 442 of file shell_elements.h.

References Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only, oomph::FSIWallElement::fluid_load_vector(), load_vector(), and oomph::QuadTreeNames::N.

◆ ndof_types()

unsigned oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::ndof_types ( ) const

inlinevirtual

The number of "DOF types" that degrees of freedom in this element are sub-divided into: Just the solid degrees of freedom themselves.

Reimplemented from oomph::GeneralisedElement.

Definition at line 577 of file shell_elements.h.

◆ set_normal_pointing_into_fluid()

void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::set_normal_pointing_into_fluid ( )

inline

Set the normal computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) to point into the fluid.

Definition at line 491 of file shell_elements.h.

References Normal_points_into_fluid.

◆ set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid()

void oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid ( )

inline

Set the normal computed by KirchhoffLoveShellEquations::get_normal(...) to point out of the fluid.

Definition at line 498 of file shell_elements.h.

References Normal_points_into_fluid.

Member Data Documentation

◆ Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only

bool oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only

private

Boolean flag to indicate if rate-of-work by load is to be based on the fluid traction only.

Definition at line 466 of file shell_elements.h.

Referenced by fluid_load_rate_of_work(), and load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation().

◆ Normal_points_into_fluid

bool oomph::FSIDiagHermiteShellElement::Normal_points_into_fluid

private

Boolean flag to indicate whether the normal is directed into the fluid.

Definition at line 462 of file shell_elements.h.

Referenced by load_vector(), set_normal_pointing_into_fluid(), and set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid().

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

Public Member Functions

Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ FSIDiagHermiteShellElement()

◆ ~FSIDiagHermiteShellElement()

Member Function Documentation

◆ dposition_dlagrangian_at_local_coordinate()

◆ fill_in_contribution_to_jacobian()

◆ fluid_load_rate_of_work()

◆ get_dof_numbers_for_unknowns()

◆ load_vector()

◆ load_vector_for_rate_of_work_computation()

◆ ndof_types()

◆ set_normal_pointing_into_fluid()

◆ set_normal_pointing_out_of_fluid()

Member Data Documentation

◆ Compute_rate_of_work_by_load_with_fluid_load_only

◆ Normal_points_into_fluid